Lipogenesis · reaction 2 of 3

Acetyl-CoA + Carbon dioxide + ATP + Water → Malonyl-CoA + ADP + Inorganic phosphate

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase EC 6.4.1.2

Adds a carbon to acetyl-CoA. It is the step that sets the pace of the whole pathway, and the only one that spends ATP on building the chain.

irreversible
Cytosol

in depth

ΔG°′: not documented
Cofactors: Magnesium
Activated by: Citrate
Inhibited by: Palmitoyl-CoA
Location: Cytosol

Fun fact

That added carbon is lost again in the next step. It is not built into the fat: it serves to activate the molecule, like setting a lever and removing it once it has done its pushing.

Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. (2021). Lehninger. Principios de bioquímica, 8.ª ed., ch. 21

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